Gila County Health Department

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Tetanus: Make Sure You Are Fully Immunized

Working and playing outdoors can mean getting cuts that may become infected with bacteria commonly found in soil, including the ones that cause tetanus. Tetanus vaccine can help prevent tetanus disease, commonly known as "lockjaw."

Tetanus is different from other vaccine-preventable diseases in that it does not spread from person to person. Tetanus is an infection caused by bacteria. The bacteria are usually found in soil, dust and manure and enter the body through breaks in the skin – usually cuts or puncture wounds. 
When the bacteria invade the body, they produce a toxin, or poison, that causes painful muscle contractions. Tetanus infection mainly affects the neck and abdomen. Tetanus is also called "lockjaw" because it often causes a person's neck and jaw muscles to lock, making it hard to open the mouth or swallow. It can also cause breathing problems, severe muscle spasms, seizures, and paralysis. Complete recovery can take months. If left untreated, tetanus can be fatal.


Tetanus Vaccine Protection

Because immunity to tetanus decreases over time, adults need to get a booster shot every 10 years to stay protected.
Adults under 65 who have never gotten Tdap should substitute it for the next booster dose.

Adults under 65 who expect to have close contact with an infant younger than 12 months of age (including women who may become pregnant) should get a dose of Tdap. Waiting at least 2 years since the last dose of Td is suggested, but not required.

Healthcare workers under 65 who have direct patient contact in hospitals or clinics should get a dose of Tdap.   A 2-year interval since the last Td is suggested, but not required. 

New mothers who have never gotten Tdap should get a dose as soon as possible after delivery. If vaccination is needed during pregnancy, Td is usually preferred over Tdap.

 

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